Eskrima: The Blade and Stick Art of the Philippines

When you think of martial arts, you might first picture high kicks of Taekwondo or the grappling of Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu. But nestled in the heart of Southeast Asia is a centuries-old martial tradition that combines grace, practicality, and brutal efficiency: Eskrima, also known as Arnis or Kali.

This Filipino martial art is more than just a combat system—it's a reflection of the Philippines’ complex history and diverse cultural tapestry. Here's a closer look at what Eskrima is and the fascinating story behind its evolution.

What Is Eskrima?

Eskrima is a martial art that focuses on using sticks, knives, bladed weapons, and empty-hand techniques. Its hallmark is the use of rattan sticks, often used in pairs, to train fluid movement, timing, and weapon transitions. Unlike many martial arts that start with empty-hand training, Eskrima teaches weapons from the beginning.

Practitioners learn to flow between armed and unarmed combat seamlessly, making Eskrima not just a weapons art, but a complete system of self-defense.

The Origins: Blades, Resistance, and Culture

The roots of Eskrima go back hundreds—some argue even thousands—of years. Before Spanish colonization, various Filipino tribes practiced blade-based fighting styles. These systems were often tied to the use of tools and weapons for both hunting and tribal warfare.

When Spanish colonizers arrived in the 16th century, they imposed strict bans on native Filipinos carrying or training with weapons. To keep their fighting traditions alive, many Filipinos practiced in secret, often disguising Eskrima movements as cultural dances or performances.

During this period, Eskrima absorbed elements of Spanish swordsmanship, particularly from the rapier and dagger styles. This blending of native and European techniques created a uniquely Filipino art—practical, adaptable, and deeply rooted in the country’s resistance to oppression.

From Battlefields to Backyards

Over time, Eskrima evolved from battlefield warfare to personal self-defense. In modern times, it has been passed down through family lineages, local schools (called “kali” or “arnis” systems), and informal community gatherings. The art stayed largely under the radar until the 20th century, when Filipino masters began sharing their knowledge abroad, particularly in the United States.

Today, Eskrima is taught worldwide, and its practicality has made it popular among law enforcement and military groups. In 2009, Arnis was declared the national martial art and sport of the Philippines by Republic Act No. 9850.

Eskrima in Pop Culture and Beyond

You may have seen Eskrima techniques in Hollywood without even realizing it. Films like The Bourne Identity, John Wick, and The Book of Eli showcase choreography inspired by Filipino martial arts. It’s fast, dynamic, and cinematic—perfect for screen combat.

But beyond entertainment, Eskrima remains a symbol of cultural identity, resilience, and adaptability. It's not just about combat; it’s about discipline, heritage, and honoring those who came before.

Final Thoughts

Eskrima isn’t just about learning how to use a stick or a knife—it’s about understanding a legacy. It tells the story of a people who fought to preserve their identity, even when colonized, and who continue to pass on their traditions with pride.

Whether you’re a martial artist, a historian, or simply curious, studying Eskrima opens the door to an art form that’s both deadly and beautiful—and profoundly Filipino.